Improvement in heating-stoves and furnaces



25740627.94 SLecf.

' PATENTED AUG 1 1871 S. COLD sTovl: MURNAGE.

UNITED STATES ,PATENT @Enron STEPHEN J. GOLD, OF OORNWALL, CONNECTICUT.

Specication forming part of Letters Patent No. 117,532, dated August 1,1871.

To all 'Lz-hom it may concern:

Beit known that I, STEPHEN J. GOLD, of Gornwall, in the county ofLitchfield and State of Connecticut, have invented certain Improvementsin Air-Heating Stoves and Furnaces, of which the following is aspecification:

This invention relates to stoves and Vfurnaces for warming buildings andapartments, either by being set in the room to be warmed or by being setin brick-work and provided with the appliances usually employed inconnection with hotair furnaces. The construction may also be such as tobe used as a basement lire-place heater. The principal object of thisinvention is to secure an eflicient and complete radiation of the heatsupplied by the fuel at a low temperature of the radiating-surfaces, sothat they shall not be overheated in being warmed and thus renderedunfit for respiration. Among the objects of this invention are also theseeming of a more perfect diffusion of the heat to theradiating-surfaces, a more perfect combustion of the combustiblematerial of the fuel, and a more perfect contact ofthe air to bc heatedwith the heating-surfaces. To accomplish these purposes I form the sidesof my stove or furnace (except, sometimes, the front or a portionthereof) of a series of metallic plates or surfaces, arranged in themanner hereinafter described, by which the radiation of the heat fromthe nre-pot is partially cut off or eclipsed from all portions oftheextended surfaces of the sides of the furnace, (except, perhaps, a verysmall portion of the front where the rire-door may be hung,) ashereinafter more fully set forth. This arrangement which I am about todescribe forms the sides of the stove or furnace into a series of openside lues or pockets extending' outward from near the lire-pot to aconsiderable distance therefrom. I also construct the base-plate, onwhich the plates forming these open side flues or pockets rest, with aseries of openings from the outer portions of these open side flues orpockets into a chamber which connects with the smoke-pipe, by whichthese open side flues or pockets are made to serve also as diving-dues,and thereby more fully exhaust and radiate the heat of the iire into theair to be warmed; and the combustion is also by this arrangementrendered more perfect. I also combine with these open side flues orpockets an inclined plate, so arranged, in connection with the outsideof said pockets, as to gather the air to be warmed into the spacesbetween them and bring it all more perfectly in contact with theheatingsurfaces. I also arrange the lire-pot entirely within the body ofthe stove or furnace, in combina` tion with the open-sided diving-linesor pockets above mentioned, as hereinafter more fully set forth.

Figure l is a side elevation of a stove or furnace embodying myinvention. Fig. 2 is a hori- Zontal section of the same, showing theparts which lie below the line x w drawn across Fig. l. Fig. 3 is avertical section of the same taken from front to back through thecenter. Fig. 4 is a vertical section of the same taken from side to sidethrough the center.

A A are the open side fines or pockets abovel mentioned, forming thesides of the stove or furnace. These open side flues or pockets I preferto arrange in the general form of a circle around the fire-pot, asshown, and a portion of the front of the stove or furnace being madeflat, as shown, when a iire-door is required at the side of the stove orfurnace, for the attachment of such liredoor 5 but for some stoves, andperhaps some furnaces embodying this invention, this lire-door in frontand the iiat section may be dispensed with and the circle of open sideiiues or pockets made complete around the entire circumference. I preferto make these open side flues or pockets in about the form andproportions represented in the drawing, with nearly or quite parallelsides terminating at the outer portion in a semicirele, and joined toeach other at the inner edge in the form of a V, with a sharp edge. Bythis construction and arrangement the whole of these open side iiues orpockets, except the extreme outer portions, is made to present an acuteangle of incidence to the radiation of the heat from the fire, whichrenders its action upon them at any particular point less intense, andcontributes very materially to the prevention of the overheating of theair to be warmed. The sides of these open side flues or pockets areconstructed in a line, which, if continued inwardly, would pass throughthe fire-pot at an angle of divergence commencing at the inner edge ofthe iiue; and it will be observed, upon the careful examination of theconstruction I have described, that no part of the walls or sides ofthese open side iiues or pockets is exposed to the radiation of heatfrom the whole of the iire; but, on the contrary, a large portion of theiire is eclipsed, or, in other words, its radiation cut off from everypart of each individual open side flue or pocket. This is essential andimportant to prevent the overheating of any portion of the air to bewarmed. The precise form and arrangement which I prefer are clearlyshown in Fig. 2 5 but it is obvious that this form and arrangement arecapable of some modification without involving a departure from therequisites I have stated or changing the principles of this invention,or the substantial results accomplished by it. These open side ues orpockets A A may be made up of separate castings-that is to say, one sideof one pocket being cast with the adjoining side of the next, so as toform a V-shaped plateand joined at the outer edge of the pocket in amanner, Well known to manufacturers of furnaces and stoves; or they maybe cast upon a core in one piece with the front B, to which thefire-door C (if any) is hung 5 or they may be formed in some, andperhaps in most, cases of wrought-iron plate. It is essential, however,that the sides of these opensided flues or pockets should meet at anacute angle at their inner edges or those nearest the iire, so as toeclipse or shut on" all parts of these open side i'lues or pockets fromthe direct radiation of the heat of the fire, and prevent these inneredges from being overheat-ed from the direct incidence of the heat fromthe iire which would take place if these sides were either joined upon acircle or upon an acute angle, by which a portion of the air to bewarmed would be over-heated, and the principal object of my inventiondestroyed. D is the top plate of the stove or furnace, which plateshould be made of cast-iron, and may be provided, or not, with a cover,a, in the center for the introduction of fuel or for any other purpose.To prevent this top plate D from exposing a too highly-heated surface tothe air which may be brought in contact with it to be warmed, it shouldbe covered with brick, sand, cement, a coating of plaster of Paris, orsome similar covering which will prevent air brought in contact with thetop of the furnace from being overheated; and if a cover, a, is used itshould be covered in like manner. E is a feeding-tube, through which thefuel may be supplied in a manner comlnon in stoves and furnaces. F isthe base-plate of the furnace, which, like the top plate D, should bemade of cast-iron, and which is provided with an opening in the centerover which the fire-pot is set and in which the grate is hung. Saidplate is also furnished with downwardly-projecting flanges o and d,between which, when the stove or furnace is set upon brick-work G, (ormay be an additional iron plate,) a 'chamber is formed to receive theproducts of combustion from the open side iiues or pockets A A anddischarge them into the smoke-pipe H; the baseplate F being providedwith openings f f to allow the products of combustion to pass downwardfrom the outer portion of the open side iiues or pockets A A into thechamber formed between the fianges c and d, which chamber is alsoprovided with an opening, g, under the smoke-pipe H. This chamber formedbetween the flanges c and d may be wholly formed of brick, if desired,and the anges c and d omitted from the casting, care being taken thatthe passage to the smokepipe H is smoothly made and proper in size, sothat there will be no/ obstruction in this chamber to the draught of thefurnace. I is the fire-pot, which may be made of a bar of round ironcoiled into the form shown, or of heavy cast-iron made up in sections,or it may be made of fire-brick, as is common in stoves and furnaces. Acircular flange should be formed around the opening in the base-plate F,sufficiently back from the edge that the ire-pot can stand on thebase-plate and the ilange keep it in place. This arrangement of theire-pot entirely within the body of the furnace, instead of below it,throws the whole of the heat into the combustion-chamber of the furnaceand aids materially in consuming the smoke, while, at the same time, theconstruction of the radiating surfaces that surround the firepot is suchas to secure nearly the entire benefit of the heat derived from thecombustion of the fuel, very little escaping to the smoke-pipe, and, incombination with the diving-nues, allows the heavy gases of combustionto fall off more readily from the ascending current of heated air thanif the fire were placed below instead of within the body of the furnace.

In the operation of my stove or furnace the heat and products ofcombustion (except -the heavy and incombustible gases which falldirectly oft' from the re-pot) are drawn into the chamber below whichleads to the smoke-pipe H, rise quickly to the top plate D, and then,separating equally, or nearly so, into all of the open side flues orpockets A A, the gases of combustion descend through the outer portionsof these open side iiues or pockets to the openings ff and pass off intothe smoke-pipe. The heat is thus transmitted evenly through the plateswhich form these open side iiues or pockets A A, and is so perfectlytaken up by the air which is brought against these plates to be warmedthat the smoke-pipe is scarcely warmed, and never made hot enough tocause any danger of fire therefrom.

J is an iron plate, bent or cast in the general form of an invertedfunnel, to fit upon the outside of the open side :dues or pockets A A,and inclined inwardly at the top, as shown, so as to gather the air intothe spaces between these tl'ues and cause it to be more thoroughly andequally heated. This plate is arranged near the base of these iiues,with the bottom of it about even with the base-plate F and resting uponit,

at the front and back of the furnace, as shown.

This plate J may, however, be a flat ring, so arranged as to compel theair to pass between the flues. K is the ash-pit of the furnace, and L isthe door opening into it. L is a rod for tilting and shaking the grate.

I am aware that furnaces have been constructed with corrugated sides, insome of which a small portion of the corrugations has presented asurface which, if extended in the same direction sufficiently far, wouldpass through the firepot, but the principal portion ofv each corrugationforming the sides was exposed to the radiation of the heat from theWhole size of the rel pot.

I claim as my inventionl. The combination of the open side ues orpoeketsA, constructed substantially as described, with the openings ffin the base-plate, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.

2. In combination With the open side fiues or pockets A and the openingsff in the base-plate,

the arrangement of the fire-pot Within the combustion-chamber,substantially as hereinbefore set forth.

3. The combination of the open side fines or pockets A, the openings ff, and the plate J, substantially as herenbefore set forth.

STEPHEN J. GOLD.

Witnesses:

' IHos. P. HOW, WM. DOMELLY.

